Bureaucrats claim electric motors get 96% efficiency. It's total fraud. No transformation of electrical energy into kinetic energy can get more that 40% efficiency at normal temperatures; and it is 25% efficiency or less under operating conditions. That means 60-75% energy loss in electric motors.

What happened is, someone used resistive loss in wires as total loss omitting inductive loss. Resistive loss is usually 3-5% for well-designed motors. Inductive loss can never be less than 60%. The bureaucrats didn't know the difference between resistive loss in wires and the inductive loss which transforms the energy.

And then the fraud was converted to social policy claiming that electric vehicles get 100 to 150 miles per gallon equivalent for that reason. Correct that error and add the remaining electrical loss from start to finish, and electric vehicles get 5-10 miles per gallon equivalent. Who needs rationality and scientific standards, when fraud works so good? But try paying for the trash. The rare metals are used up already. Playing in a sandbox in California isn't going to make a dent in the shortage.

Anyone who thinks electric motors get 96% efficiency isn't qualified to clean a doghouse. When bureaucrats promote such garbage it shows how incompetent and corrupt they are—corrupt, because they aren't allowing anyone to correct the errors.

Someone was aligning upon the resistive load of a motor when they said 96% efficiency. The resistive load is the energy lost due to resistance in the wires. Electrical energy is transformed into kinetic energy through the inductance of the motor, not the resistance. The inductance does not allow more than 40% efficiency in the transformation to kinetic energy. The bureaucrats don't know the difference between inductance and resistance.
 

Disaster Alert Fake efficiency of electric motors is now the official rationale as appearing in descriptive material. It is being said that wiring resistance in motors determines their efficiency. The inductance that transforms the energy is being omitted from the subject. It is being said in Wikipedia (various places) that larger copper wires in electric motors allow more amperage with less resistance. (Didn't every two year old know that?) The catch is that this result supposedly determines the efficiency of electric motors—no induction involved. The frauds are doing no more than measuring wire resistance to determine efficiency. Wire resistance determines about 2-5% of the energy loss in electric motors. The transformation produces 60% minimum heat, while conditions normally convert 75% of the energy into heat rather than kinetic energy. The real tragedy is that this not only shows how energy systems are being reduced to rubble, it shows a state of social deterioration that permeates the reality that society depends upon for survival. It is QAnon officially imposed everywhere with no rationality allowed.

Electrical Energy: linearized motion of electrons. Kinetic Energy: linearized motion of nuclei. Heat: Randomized motion of nuclei.

 
Electrical energy cannot create kinetic energy (motion) without electrons striking (adding force to) the nuclei of atoms, which randomizes much of the atomic motion creating heat. Inductive force does not affect nuclei.
 
Electrons striking metal atoms will always produce more random motion, which is heat, than linear motion, which is kinetic energy. (Explained Below)

The maximum efficiency for an electric motor is 40% (60% heat) under ideal conditions of speed and torque. With variations in speed and torque, the efficiency drops to an average of 25% (75% heat).

Government bureaucrats require 96% efficiency for electric motors, by law. Anything near 100% efficiency for mechanical energy is laughable. It shows what a disconnect from reality has been occurring over recent decades.

Why do you suppose fans are incorporated into electric motors? Not for 96% efficiency. A fan would not be needed at 96% efficiency. When do you supposed such high efficiency was produced? No major breakthroughs in technology occurred.

Laws have been created which require a particular method of calculation for determining efficiency of motors. Such strict requirements guaranty that everyone gets the same result. Otherwise, a wide variety of methods of calculation could be used due to infinite contrivance in energy relationships.

A misdefinition of kinetic energy allows contrivance with no stable reality. An example is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (see global warming) which shows about 40 times (4,000%) too much radiation being given off by matter at normal temperatures.

It's physically impossible to get much more than about 40% efficiency with mechanical devices, because electrons striking metal atoms produce more heat than linear motion.

The Curve

When they show a curve that correlates with size, they are looking at voltage, which is the only factor that correlates with size. Voltage is only relevant to the resistive portion of the load. The resistive load is only about 5% of the energy in an electric motor.

They don't understand what an energy transformation is. If they were struggling with a difficult problem, you could bleed for them. When they destroy global economies over their stupidity, they are screwed up.

Engineers had these problems figured out at one time, which was between about 1850 and the 21st century. To not now have it figured out is the equivalent of overthrowing the rational world.

The Physics

Heat is randomized atomic motion. Kinetic energy is linearized atomic motion.

Everything electrical energy does results in atomic motion being more randomized instead of less, which means heat increases. For that reason, no electrical energy transformation can save much more than 40% of the energy as linear motion of kinetic energy. The maximum efficiency for electric motors has been recognized as 40% until recent contrivances claimed an increase. Now, quack numbers are being used to get 96% efficiency in electrifying transportation.

These claims appear to be the source of the conflict with reality in the minds of persons who promote the renewable energy and electric vehicle causes. They apparently assume that electric motors get 96% efficiency and always have. Electric motors have cooling fans to remove heat, because they never get more than 40% efficiency, and usually a lot less.

What fakes are doing now days is contriving numbers for the relationship between one form of energy and another, since the misdefinition of kinetic energy does not stabilize the relationships. A wide variety of numbers have been concocted for every purpose due to the muddle resulting from the misdefinition of energy.

Electric motors transform electrical energy into kinetic energy. All transformations lose a lot of energy to heat, which is inefficiency—always far more than the 96-98% efficiency being described for electric motors.
 
To create kinetic energy from electrical energy, an inductive force acts upon electrons in copper wires which exert a force on the metal around them. Force acting upon electrons or atoms creates a lot of heat. Heat is the same thing as kinetic energy which has been randomized in direction at the atomic level. Actual kinetic energy is linear motion. To get high efficiency, the motion must be almost all linear and very little randomized.

When electrons strike metal atoms off center, the atomic motion becomes randomized instead of linearized, which is heat production. Regardless of what "striking" might mean at the atomic level, influencing atomic motion while vibrating causes the atoms to move in various directions.

The randomization of motion at the atomic level cannot be prevented in creating linear motion. The number one reason is because all atoms and molecules are constantly vibrating when the temperature is above absolute zero. To get linear motion, every contact would have to by right in the center of an atom or molecule pushing it in the desired direction. But since the molecules are vibrating in every direction, many of the hits will be off-center and push an atom or molecule in some other direction. All of that "other direction" creates heat. It randomizes the motion of the atoms or molecules.

For this reason, it is impossible to get more than about 40% of the energy directed linearly in the transformation of energy into kinetic energy. The stator and rotor of an electric motor have equal and opposite forces acting upon them resulting in heat production at both locations.

Induction can only affect electrons, not nuclei, which means there is no magical way of getting around the heat.

It's impossible to linearize the motion of nuclei without them bumping into each other and creating heat. No more than 40% linearization can result, because vibrating molecules just can't get out of each other's way any better than that.

When the force on an electric drill increases, the temperature goes up. When a drill locks in place with power on, overheating occurs, because all of the energy goes to heat when no linear motion can occur.

Even if the inductive force acts upon the electrons which orbit nuclei, the same distribution of heat to linear force will occur, as the nuclei bumping into each other will be randomized due to the heat creating random vibrations. But inductive force does not act upon copper metal, unless it has current flowing through it, which indicates that the inductive force only acts upon the linearized electrons rather than the orbiting electrons.

Fake Equations

Part of the discrepancy is due to the misdefinition of kinetic energy. Joule's constant shows about ten times too much kinetic energy per calorie of heat. Instead of 4.1868 joules per calorie, the relationship should be 2 calories per joule or more. But there is no definable relationship; it varies with conditions due to the misdefinition of kinetic energy.
 
What Changed

Years ago, engineers would measure heat produced by motors. The heat would always be 60% or more of the added electrical energy. If anyone were to pull out the false equations resulting from the misdefinition of energy, they would have to explain where the discrepancy came from, so it never happened.

Now days, no one measures heat directly: they calculate only. So frauds can now rely upon erroneous equations with no one contradicting them.

Zirconium Tritelluride

A monocrystal of zirconium tritelluride shows the physics. It transfers 50 times more amperage than copper due to a lack of complex crystal structures which scatter electrons. Scattered electrons produce the heat of electrical wires, as the electrons collide with metal atoms.

Resistance creates heat in electronics. Electrical resistance is caused by electrons striking atoms, and heat is the result. The amount of current that can flow through a wire is determined by resistance.

Therefore, a factor of 50 increase in flow of electrons (amperage) means a reduction by a factor of 50 in resistance. Ohm's law states this relationship. It says amps equal volts divided by resistance. Amps and resistance are inversely proportional.

Researcher's quote: "Conventional metals are polycrystalline. They have grain boundaries and surface roughness, which scatter electrons," Balandin said. "Quasi-one-dimensional materials such as ZrTe3 consist of single-crystal atomic chains in one direction. They do not have grain boundaries and often have atomically smooth surfaces after exfoliation. We attributed the exceptionally high current density in ZrTe3 to the single-crystal nature of quasi-1D materials."

Science Daily Link: https://www.sciencedaily.com/
releases/2018/05/180501161749.htm

Reference: A. Geremew, M. A. Bloodgood, E. Aytan, B. W. K. Woo, S. R. Corber, G. Liu, K. Bozhilov, T. T. Salguero, S. Rumyantsev, M. P. Rao, A. A. Balandin. Current Carrying Capacity of Quasi-1D ZrTe3 van der Waals Nanoribbons. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 2018; 1 DOI: 10.1109/LED.2018.2820140