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There is way too much fraud being promoted about viruses spreading on surfaces. Real scientists have not been clarifying, because they have more important things to do than argue with frauds. So I'm explaining the subject. Endless, meaningless studies are conducted on viruses spreading from surfaces. Not a one shows that anyone can be infected from a virus on a dry surface (beyond pox variants). In fact, it's impossible to conduct a study that would show it happening, if it were happening. What the muddle studies do is put a virus on a dry surface and then look for something. Sometimes RNA will be extracted from the surface. That's no relevance, because the RNA will be there for nonfunctional viruses. Sometimes a virus will be extracted from a surface and made to grow in tissue cultures. That too is of no relevance, because tissue cultures will do whatever humans make them do without immune or defense systems getting in the way. Regardless of how worthless the studies are, someone in journalism will run with it claiming the studies show humans can be infected by viruses on surfaces. There never has been and never will be a human getting infected by viruses on dry surfaces other than pox type viruses which are designed for that. The reason is because usual viruses must have biologically functional proteins on their surfaces. Drying permanently denatures and destroys biologically functional proteins. And, biologically functional proteins are like glue on dry surfaces. Kiddy glues are made of proteins, because those type of molecules stick and harden as they dry. Also, it takes several hundred or thousands of virus particles to start an infection. And the infectious agents must all be close to each other to overwhelm defenses of the host. First, the probabilities of ending up in the right place requires a lot of starting material. Then overwhelming defenses requires sacrificing the many for the few (a Nazi's dream). How many virus particles can be transferred from a dry surface? Usually none. If fingers rubbing a dry surface removed five or ten virus particles, they would be spread over an inch of space, which would be a joke for spreading disease. It means no cardboard boxes are going to spread viruses (other than pox types). It also means, dry door knobs will not spread viruses in a manner that creates infection under normal conditions. Some bacteria spread on dry surfaces, but not usual viruses. Kids playing could spread viruses through liquids, but adults usually don't.
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